Turkish Economic Volatility: Ongoing high inflation, currency depreciation of the Turkish Lira, and economic instability can negatively impact consumer spending, operational costs, and the company's financial performance.

Intense Market Competition: Fierce competition from other major telecom operators in Turkey (e.g., Vodafone Turkey, Turk Telekom) puts pressure on pricing, subscriber acquisition costs, and average revenue per user (ARPU).

Regulatory Intervention Risk: Changes in telecom regulations, spectrum fees, licensing terms, or government policies can increase operational costs, limit growth opportunities, or impose new compliance burdens.