Subsidiary Performance Volatility Risk: The financial health and profitability of QMMM are heavily dependent on the individual and collective performance of its diverse portfolio of subsidiaries, which can be subject to market fluctuations, competitive pressures, and operational challenges.

Regulatory and Compliance Risk: As a holding company with potentially varied operations across its subsidiaries, QMMM faces the challenge of ensuring all entities comply with a complex and evolving landscape of industry-specific, national, and international laws and regulations, failure of which could lead to fines or reputational damage.

Economic Downturn Impact Risk: Adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as recessions, high inflation, or increased interest rates, could negatively affect consumer spending, business investment, and overall market demand, thereby reducing the revenues and valuations of QMMM's underlying assets and subsidiaries.