Economic Downturn Risk: Demand for Holley's discretionary performance automotive products is highly sensitive to economic conditions, and a decline in consumer disposable income or confidence could significantly reduce sales.

EV Transition Threat: The accelerating global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) and away from internal combustion engines (ICE) poses a long-term existential risk to Holley's core product lines, which are primarily designed for ICE platforms.

Supply Chain Volatility Impact: Disruptions in Holley's global supply chain, including raw material shortages, increased logistics costs, or labor issues, could lead to production delays, higher expenses, and an inability to meet customer demand.