Supply Chain Volatility: Disruptions in the global supply chain, particularly for semiconductors and battery materials, can lead to production halts and increased costs, impacting sales and profitability.

EV Transition Challenges: The significant investment required for electric vehicle development, manufacturing retooling, and battery technology, coupled with intense competition and consumer adoption rates, poses substantial financial and operational risks.

Aggressive Market Competition: Ford faces fierce competition from established automakers and new EV startups globally, potentially leading to pricing pressure, market share erosion, and reduced margins.