Regulatory & Compliance Risk: Non-compliance with evolving financial regulations can lead to significant fines, sanctions, and reputational damage, impacting the bank's operations and profitability, especially across diverse international jurisdictions.

Credit Risk: Exposure to potential losses arising from the failure of borrowers, counterparties, or issuers to meet their financial obligations, particularly in a challenging economic environment or specific stressed sectors.

Market Risk: Adverse movements in financial market prices, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, and commodity prices, can negatively impact the value of the bank's trading positions and investment portfolio.